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12th Period - Second Republic of Portugal
(20th Century)
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20th C. |
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| -- |
Military Administration (1926-1932) |
| 1926 |
31st May - José Mendes Cabeçadas becomes Provisional President and Prime Minister (1926) |
| 1926 |
3rd June - António de Oliveira Salazar appointed Finance Minister |
| 1926 |
3rd June - Congress of the Republic of Portugal (National Assembly) is dissolved |
| 1926 |
3rd June - All Heads of Municipalities are substituted |
| 1926 |
3rd June - The "Carbonária" (Police) is banned |
| 1926 |
3rd June - All political parties are banned |
| 1926 |
17th June - General Costa da Gomes provokes new military coup |
| 1926 |
19th June - General Manuel Oliviera Costa da Gomes appointed Prime Minister (1926) |
| 1926 |
19th June - António de Oliveira Salazar resigns |
| 1926 |
19th June - Offices of Republican newspapers are sacked |
| 1926 |
22nd June - Censorship is instituted |
| 1926 |
17th June - General Manuel Costa da Gomes becomes President (1926) |
| 1926 |
9th July - General Costa da Gomes is dismissed and goes into exile |
| 1926 |
9th July - Army coup places General António Óscar de Fragosa Carmona as Prime Minister (1926-1928) |
| 1926 |
9th July - António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona as President (1926-1951) |
| 1926 |
15th September - Another failed army coup |
| 1926 |
16th December - Political police force is created in Lisbon |
| 1926 |
2nd November - Offices of Republican Syndicates are sacked |
| 1926 |
August - Another failed army coup |
| 1926 |
December 1st - Students in Lisbon demonstrate against military dictatorship |
| 1927 |
3rd February - Unsuccessful Republican revolt led by Agalão Lança, first in Porto, followed by the Algarve, and finally some days later in Lisbon - some 1000 people arrested and deported to Colonies |
| 1927 |
March - Political police force created in Porto |
| 1927 |
April - Communist newspaper offices sacked |
| 1927 |
May - Minimum school years reduced from six to four and separation of sexes in classrooms |
| 1927 |
May - Trade Union Associated is dissolved |
| 1927 |
26th August - Clashes between loyal Government troops and Republican rebels result in 150 killed and 800 injured. |
| 1928 |
Construction commenced on Basilica de Fátima |
| 1928 |
Failed coup by Republicans - Portuguese Communist Party offices closed |
| 1928 |
February - Propaganda Commission is created |
| 1928 |
18th April - José Vicente de Freitas becomes Prime Minister (1928-1929) |
| 1928 |
26th April - António de Oliveira Salazar appointed Finance Minister for 2nd time and reorganises the national budget |
| 1928 |
20th July - The commander and his soldiers in the Castelo de São Jorge in Lisbon revolted. This revolt was reflected in other parts of the country but all were quickly dispelled |
| 1929 |
8th July - Artur Ivens Ferraz becomes Prime Minister (1929-1930) |
| 1929 |
Catholic religious Orders are again permitted in Portugal |
| 1929 |
24th October - Beginning of World Economic Depression in the USA. |
| 1929 |
The Communist Party led by General Bento Gonçalves goes underground |
| 1930 |
Colonial Act - defines Portuguese status and all its Colonies |
| 1930 |
30th July - António de Oliveira Salazar creates his new Party, the "União Nacional". |
| 1930 |
António de Oliveira Salazar presents his first declaration of adapting a dictatorial policy |
| 1930 |
21st January - Domingos Augusto Alves da Costa e Oliveira becomes Prime Minister (1930-1932) |
| 1931 |
Spain rejects their monarchy system and becomes a Republic |
| 1931 |
June - Large shipment of arms for rebels discovered in Lisbon docks |
| 1931 |
4th April - Inhabitants of Madeira support a General Strike against price of imported grain but are quelled by armed forces - riots spread to the Azores by 7th of April |
| 1931 |
June - Foundation of "Aliança Republicana Socialista" party led by General Norton de Matos |
| 1931 |
26th August - Military and civilians join together and revolt in streets of Lisbon is violently quelled |
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"Estado Novo" Administration (1932-1974) |
| 1932 |
5th July - António de Oliveira Salazar becomes Prime Minister (1932-1968) |
| 1932 |
Death of Manuel II still in exile in England |
| 1933 |
Creation of "Estado Novo" - dictatorship doctrine of António de Oliveira Salazar with only one Political Party allowed |
| 1933 |
Code of National Labour published banning all free Trade Unions |
| 1933 |
26th August - Military rebellion in Bragança quickly quelled |
| 1933 |
29th August - Creation of National Secret Political Police (PVDE) |
| 1933 |
Censorship of Press is established |
| 1934 |
Bento Gonçalves the leader of the Communist Party is arrested |
| 1934 |
16th June - "Expo Colonias" in Porto |
| 1934 |
18th January - General Strike and hundreds of demonstrators are arrested - Rioters take control of Marinha Grande but they are later severely put down by army |
| 1934 |
16th December - Election results show 81.6% in favour of Oliveira Salazar |
| 1935 |
Birth of sculptor Jorge Vieira (1934-1998) |
| 1935 |
Birth of painter Paula Rego (1935-) |
| 1935 |
17th February - Presidential Election results show 83.8% in favour of re-election of António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona |
| 1935 |
10th April - Secret societies are banned in Portugal - however, leading members of Parliament remain members of the Masons |
| 1935 |
Captain Mendes Norton and Dr Rolão Pedro are arrested for planning a "coup d'etat" |
| 1936 |
Creation of "Mocidade Portuguesa" under the command of Marcelo Caetano - compulsory paramilitary youth organisation for both men |
| 1936 |
Outbreak of Spanish Civil War and Portugal supports Nationalist Party led by General Francisco Franco (1936-1939) |
| 1936 |
Creation of "Batalião de Viriatos" - Portuguese troops to support Nationalist Party in Spain |
| 1936 |
National Secret Political Police (PVDE) is trained by German and Italian Fascists |
| 1936 |
Birth of sculptor Jorge Vieira (1934-1998) |
| 1936 |
Birth of painter Júlio Pomar (1936-) |
| 1936 |
9th September - Two naval vessels attempt to desert to Republican forces fighting in Spain |
| 1937 |
29th October - First political deported prisoners arrive at Tarrafal. |
| 1937 |
Female section of "Mocidade Portuguesa" created |
| 1937 |
"Campo de Contração do Tarrefal" opened in the Cape Verde islands for political prisoners - closed in 1945 |
| 1937 |
January - Students revolt in Lisbon and attack several State offices |
| 1937 |
4th April - Bomb attempt on life of Oliveira Salazar |
| 1937 |
10th June - Portugal participates in the International Exhibition in Paris, France |
| 1937 |
4th July - Bomb attempt fails to assassinate Salazar in his car |
| 1938 |
15th October - Radical political activist Emídio Santana fails in his plot to assassinate António Salazar |
| 1938 |
30th October - Elections results show 83.7% in favour of Oliveira Salazar |
| 1939 |
17th Mar - Portugal declares with Spain neutrality in outbreak of World War II and signs a Treaty between the two countries providing military support to each other in times of need |
| 1939 |
Portugal participates in the International Exhibition in San Francisco, USA |
| 1940 |
Portugal terminates South African control over Mozambique harbours, railways and mail |
| 1940 |
Portuguese diplomatic relations with the Vatican partially restored |
| 1940 |
International Exhibition of Portugal and its Possessions, Lisbon |
| 1940 |
May - Álvaro Cunhal arrested and imprisoned |
| 1940 |
December - Spain's leader Francisco Franco prepares a plan to invade Portugal and attack Gibraltar. Hitler dissuades him from this offensive |
| 1940 |
22nd October - Political and Security Police forces remoulded under the title of "Polícia Internacional de Defesa do Estado" (PIDE) |
| 1941 |
11th June - Salazar commences his persecution of members of the Communist Party. |
| 1941 |
12th October - Germany sinks Portuguese merchant vessel to provoke Salazar into selling the mineral wolfram to Germany - they sink a second ship in December forcing Salazar to agree |
| 1941 |
Timor is invaded by Dutch and Australian forces |
| 1942 |
António Salazar meets General Franco (Spain), to confirm mutual non-aggression pact |
| 1942 |
13th February - Salazar meets with Gerneral Franco of Spain in Seville |
| 1942 |
11th September - Political activist General Bento Gonçalves dies in prison at Tarrafal |
| 1943 |
Portugal grants the U.S.A. Air Force usage of the air base at Pico in the Azores - this base was to prove essential in the War II |
| 1943 |
Birth of footballer Eusébio da Silva Ferreira (1943-) |
| 1944 |
10th June - The "Estádio Nacional de Jamor" inaugurated |
| 1944 |
14th June - Salazar bends to the pressure of the British to stop supplying "wolfram" to Germany |
| 1945 |
Birth of Dom Duarte in Switzerland, 22nd Duque de Bragança (1945-), Príncipe de Beira |
| 1945 |
National Secret Political Police (PVDE) is renamed (PIDE) |
| 1945 |
8th October - "Movemento de Unidade Democrática" (MUD) is created with official permission |
| 1945 |
Famine causes rebellion in cotton field workers in Angola |
| 1945 |
Birth of Duarte Pio de Bragança 24th Duke of Bragança (1945-) |
| 1946 |
11th October - Aborted attempt by military led by Lieutenant Quievoga Chaves to stage a "coup d'etat" |
| 1947 |
Birth of sportsman Carlos Lopes (1947-) |
| 1947 |
10th April - Aborted by Republican military supporters in Tomar |
| 1948 |
In the Presidential election leading conservative politician Norton de Matos failed to be elected |
| 1948 |
25th June - Death of political activist Bento de Jesus Caraça |
| 1949 |
Portugal is included into the organization of NATO |
| 1949 |
President António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona meets with Francisco Franco of Spain |
| 1949 |
"Movemento de Unidade Democrática" (MUD) supports General Norton de Matos who fails in a rigged Presidential election |
| 1949 |
António Egas Moniz awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine |
| 1949 |
24th October - Elections results show 87.6% in favour of Oliveira Salazar |
| 1949 |
13th November - Presidential Election results show 77.6% in favour of re-election of António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona |
| 1950 |
27th February - Portuguese Government rejects suggestion that Goa becomes part of India |
| 1951 |
18th April - António de Oliveira Salazar as Prime Minister acts as Provisional President due to death of António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona(1951-1968) |
| 1951 |
19th July - Presidential Election results show 77.6% in favour of Francisco Craveiro Lopes |
| 1951 |
21st July - Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes becomes President (1951-1958) |
| 1951 |
All Portuguese colonies are renamed "Overseas Provinces" in an attempt to avert international political criticism |
| 1952 |
1st June - Food rationing introduced during the war period is removed |
| 1953 |
"Lei Orgânica Ultramar Português" - Law granting equality of opportunity in Portuguese Overseas Territories regardless of origin and education |
| 1953 |
8th November - National elections return 120 União Nacional members and opposition registers only 10% of the total vote |
| 1954 |
Oil is encountered in the north of Angola at Cabinda |
| 1954 |
Amílar Cabral founds in Guinea the MUD Party (Movimento de União Democratico) - he later also found another Party, PAIGC (Partido de Independência Nacional de Guiné e Cabo Verde) |
| 1954 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Portuguese enclaves in Goa are occupied by India |
| 1955 |
Portugal is admitted as a Member of the United Nations Organisation |
| 1955 |
Portugal claim on the return of territories of Goa in the International Court of the Haque is upheld - India ignores the verdict |
| 1955 |
Calouste Gulbenkian dies and wills his fortune to create a Cultural Foundation in Portugal |
| 1955 |
7th July - Marcello Caetano is nominated to the Presidents Council |
| 1956 |
"Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Capo Verde" is founded by Amílcar Cabral |
| 1957 |
"Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola" (FLNA) is founded in northern Angola |
| 1957 |
6th October - 1st Republican Congress held in Aveiro |
| 1958 |
Birth of sportswoman Rosa Mota (1958-) |
| 1958 |
8th June - Presidential Election results show 52.6% in favour of Admiral Américo Rodriques Tomáz - the Democratic candidate General Humberto Delgado was his only opponent |
| 1958 |
9th August - Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomáz becomes President (1958-1974) |
| 1959 |
Portuguese soldier fire on protesters killing 50 at Bissau in Guinea |
| 1959 |
12th March - Aborted attempt by Catholic military officers in Lisbon to stage a "coup d'etat" |
| 1960 |
3rd June - Álvaro Cunhal escapes from Peniche prison near Óbidos with 9 other prisoners on January 4th |
| 1960 |
Portugal became a founding member of European Free Trade Association (EFTA) |
| 1961 |
Acts of organised rebel sabotage commence in Guinea |
| 1961 |
António de Oliveira Salazar is appointed as Minister of National Defence in order to tackle the war in Africa |
| 1961 |
1st January - Beja military led by Manuel Serra and Captain Varela Gomes stage a revolt which is quelled by forces of the State |
| 1961 |
Famine causes another rebellion in Angola and the start of the Colonial War with an attack by FLNA on the capital Luanda on February 4th |
| 1961 |
"União do Povo Angolano" (UPA) attacks in northern Angola killing hundreds of Portuguese colonialist and Africans |
| 1961 |
22nd January - Captain Henrique Galvão hijacks the passenger boat "Santa Maria" to draw attention to suffering under political dictatorship in Portugal |
| 1961 |
3rd February - Rebel natives of MPCA (Movemento de Liberação de Angola), assault two main prisons in Luanda, Angola leaving many injured and dead |
| 1961 |
March - Portuguese troops commence their attempts to recover rebel controlled parts of Angola |
| 1961 |
3rd March - A number of Portuguese settlers in the north of Luanda are massacred |
| 1961 |
9th August - Portuguese troops retake town of Numbuangongo in Angola |
| 1961 |
November - Palma Inácio distributes anti-government leaflets by air over Lisbon, Alentejo and Algarve |
| 1961 |
4th December - A civil TAP airline is commandeered by Captain Henrique Galvão to drop over Lisbon and the Alentejo leaflets supporting the cause of Democracy |
| 1961 |
17th December - India annexes and occupies the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Damão and Diu |
| 1961 |
19th December - Assassination of Marcelo José António Dias Coelho in Lisbon - presumably by agents of PIDE |
| 1962 |
The FNLA (Frente Nacional de Liberação de Angola) is formed by rebel leaders in Angola |
| 1962 |
"Frente de Libertação de Moçambique" (MLF) is founded in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania |
| 1962 |
Large student demonstration against the regime in Lisbon is suppressed by the Police |
| 1962 |
PIDE uncover a plot by junior army officers to stage a "coup d'etat" |
| 1963 |
António Salazar meets with General Franco in Mérida, Spain |
| 1963 |
Rebel military attack Portuguese military camp at Tipe, Guiné |
| 1963 |
"Frente para a Libertação de Enclave de Cabinda" is founded and declare War on Portuguese colonialists |
| 1964 |
Freedom fighters FRELIMO led by Eduardo Chirambo Moudlame attack Meude and gain control of most of northern Mozambique |
| 1964 |
In Portuguese Guinea the joining of "The Peoples Army" with "The Peoples Guerrillas" forms the PAIGC |
| 1963 |
António Salazar meets with General Franco in Mérida, Spain |
| 1965 |
Portuguese troops temporary regain control of rebel areas in Guinea |
| 1965 |
13th February - Portuguese PIDE agents assinate Humberto Delgado in Spain |
| 1966 |
6th August - Opening of "Ponte Salazar" over River Tagus - longest suspension bridge in Europe - renamed later after 1974 Revolution as "Ponte 25 de Abril" |
| 1966 |
29th July - National Football team reach semi-finals in World Cup |
| 1966 |
Creation in Portuguese in Angola of UNITA (União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola), headed by Jonas Malheiro Savimbi |
| 1967 |
17th May - Camilo Mortágua robs Banco de Portugal in Figueira da Foz for political funds |
| 1967 |
PAIGC had achieved occupation of two thirds of Portuguese Guinea |
| 1968 |
25th September - António de Oliveira Salazar resigns due to ill health |
| 1968 |
25th September - Marcello das Neves Alves Caetano appointed Prime Minister - real power remains in the hands of President Admiral Américo Tómaz and the pro-Salazar "Ultras" |
| 1968 |
General António de Spinola arrives in Angola to lead new military campaign against guerrillas |
| 1969 |
The official only Party "União Nacional" is renamed "Accão Nacional Popular" |
| 1969 |
The Police PIDE is renamed as DGS |
| 1969 |
Second Congress of Democratic Opposition to the regime held in Aveiro |
| 1969 |
May - President of Coimbra Academic Association is jailed for provoking political unrest |
| 1969 |
13th February - Eduardo Moudlame assassinated in Dar-es-Salam - his leadership of the FRELIMO is taken over by Samora Marchel |
| 1969 |
10th September - Election results show 88% in Marcello Caetano |
| 1969 |
Marcello das Neves Alves Caetano fails in his attempt to open the regime to political tolerance |
| 1970 |
Portuguese amphibious forces attack and free hundreds of prisoners of war held by the PAIGC in Conakry in Guinea |
| 1970 |
27th July - António de Oliveira Salazar dies |
| 1970 |
20th August - First women joins Portuguese Cabinet |
| 1970 |
The extreme left-wing radicals commence a bomb campaign on military and civilian targets - which include banks (1970-1974) |
| 1971 |
Samora Marchel leader of FRELIMO in Mozambique requests the aid of United Nations to free its citizens from Portuguese rule |
| 1971 |
12th December - Azores Meeting - Richard Nixon of the USA and Georges Pompidou of France meet in Azores |
| 1972 |
Birth of footballer Luís Figo(1972-) |
| 1972 |
10th April - Américo Thomaz visits Brazil to negotiate return of bones of Dom Pedro IV to Portugal(1972-) |
| 1972 |
25th July - Presidential Election results in favour of Admiral Américo Rodriques Tomáz |
| 1973 |
Amílar Cabral is assassinated in Conakry |
| 1973 |
Amílar Cabral leader of PAIGC is assassinated in Conakry |
| 1973 |
Independence of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese Guinea) is declared |
| 1973 |
4th April - Congress of Democratic Oppositio in Aveiro |
| 1973 |
September - Meeting in Cascais of 200 anti-Salazar regime military officers |
| 1973 |
1st December - Junior officers from the colonies meet secretly in Óbidos and create the "Movimento dos Capitães" and elect their leaders - Vitor Alves, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and Vasco Lourenço9 |
| 1973 |
Foundation of University of Minho in Braga |
| 1973 |
December - General Kaulza de Arraiga putsch fails due to lack of other military support |
| 1974 |
February - General António de Spinola publishes his book "Portugal e o Futuro" and is removed from his position as he shows himself to in conflict to the regime - the book is inspires the army activists in plotting the downfall of the regime |
| 1974 |
5th March - Leaders of "Movimento dos Capitães" meet secretly in Cascais |
| 1974 |
16th March - A military anti-regime coup from Caldas da Rainha organised by "Movimento dos Capitães fails in its attempt |
| 1974 |
Revolution by the armed forces and supported by the people on the 25th of April - only four people died on the day - also known as the "Carnation Revolution" |
| -- |
-- |
| 11th Period |
First Republic of Portugal
(20th Century) |
| 13th Period |
Third Republic of Portugal
(20th Century) |
| |
Return to Index of History Periods |
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Presidents
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|
NOTE
The above was compiled by Michael Tannock from published information
in the Portuguese language. While every care was taken in obtaining the above
facts some conflicting dates, information and spelling were encountered.
In such cases, our own discretion was used in choosing which facts
to publish.
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